Most prior work that deals with serendipity in a computing context focuses on computational "discovery"; we argue that serendipity also includes an important "invention" aspect. We survey literature describing serendipitous discovery and invention in science and technology, as well as the etymology and definitions of the term serendipity. Building upon and refining previous work, we propose a model of computational serendipity that can be used to evaluate computational systems. To this end we adapt existing recommendations for evaluating computational creativity. We develop case studies that evaluate the serendipity of existing systems, and develop a thought experiment that applies our model to design a multi-agent environment for computer poetry. From our analyses, we extract recommendations for practitioners working with computational serendipity, and outline future directions for research.
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